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*Role of Rehabilitation Council 1992 of India (RCI):*

The main roles of the Rehabilitation Council of India are mentioned below.

(1) To provide and regulate training programs or courses for persons facing challenges such as persons with disabilities, backward persons and communities in need of special education.

(2) Develop and standardize curricula and training to suit different levels in rehabilitation and special education.

(3) Improve research in special education.

(4) To maintain the Central Rehabilitation Register containing information of qualified professionals and employees engaged in rehabilitation and special education.

(5) To approve any course in rehabilitation and special education to be started by the University/Institution (Government and Non-Government)/Other Institutions as required. No organization or educational institution may initiate such courses, training or programs without the approval of the Council.

(6) Certificate courses, Diploma courses, Ph.D. courses under the Rehabilitation Education Program in institutions or training centers recognized by the Rehabilitation Council G.S. Arrangement of Diploma Courses, Bachelor's Courses, Post Graduate Courses, Short Term or Refresher Courses.

(7) Monitoring whether rehabilitation and special education courses or trainings are conducted by qualified persons.

(8) To determine the qualifications of persons required to provide courses and training prescribed for persons with disabilities.

(9) To provide training for Master Trainers, Rehabilitation Professionals and staff so that the Rehabilitation Council can provide better services to persons with disabilities.

(10) Arrangement of National Bridge Course through designated institutions for employees engaged in disability and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities who do not have Recognized Rehabilitation Qualification.

(11) Arrangement of Qrientation programs for medical officers working in Primary Health Centres. The Council has been conducting the National Program on Orientation of Medical Officers since

(12) The Council shall prescribe standards of ethics and professional ethics for rehabilitation professionals.

(13) The Council may delete the name of any person from the register if that person's name was registered in error or as a result of concealment of information or if the person commits an offense or fails to comply with professional ethics. Sub-section (3) of the Council states whether the person's name has been deleted from the register permanently or temporarily.

*The Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995*

The Ministry of Law, Justice and Company Affairs of India enacted an Act in 1995 to promote equal opportunities, rights, protection and full participation of persons with disabilities. This Act came into force on 1 January 1996 in India.The Act was approved by the President and published in Part II of the Extraordinary Gazette of India on the same date. The Act applies to all states of India except Jammu and Kashmir. This Act is called the PWD Act-1 The Act was enacted with the objective of ensuring that persons with disabilities have equal opportunities with persons with disabilities, their rights are protected and they have the opportunity to participate fully everywhere. In the Act, 'disability' means:

(a) Blindness: Blindness.

(b) Low vision: People who suffer from visual impairment despite treatment.

(c) Leprosy - Cured: Persons whose leprosy has been cured but not eradicated.

(D) Hearing impairment: Hearing impairment of 60 decibels or more.

(e) Locomotor disability: Inability to move due to disability of bones, joints and muscles.

(f)Mental retardation: Incomplete mental development.

(g) Mental illness or illness (Mental illness).

According to this Act, 'Persons with Disability' means-

Persons who are certified by the hospital authorities as more than 40 per cent disabled are called disabled persons.

Coordinating Committee:

Two types of coordinators have been constituted to enforce the PWD Act across the country (except Jammu and Kashmir).

(a) Central Co-ordination Committee and

(b) State Co-ordination committee.

The Central Coordination Committee is constituted by the Central Government and the State Coordination Committee is constituted by the State Governments of each State.

The Central Coordinating Committee forms a Central Executive Committee and the State Coordinating Committee forms a State Executive Committee to simplify the work.

Prevention and Early Detection of Disabilities :

Within the limits of financial capacity and development, the Government and local authorities can take the following measures to alleviate disability.

(1) Surveys, investigations and research may be conducted to identify the root causes of disability.

(2) They can invent various methods to cure disabilities.

(3) All children may be examined at least once a year for the identification of disabilities.

(4) Training facilities may be provided to the staff of primary health centres.

(5) May sponsor awareness campaigns for general hygiene, health and sanitation.

(6) Pre-natal, post-natal and maternal pre-natal and post-natal care may be taken.

(7) Educate the public through pre-schools, schools, primary health centres, village level workers and Anganwadi workers.

(8) The causes of disability and the measures to be taken to cure them. V.S. or create awareness among the public through other mass media.

Education for Disabilities:

According to the PWD Act 1995, the Government and Local Authorities-

(1) Ensure that every child with a disability has access to free education in an appropriate environment until the age of 18.

(2) Try to coordinate disabled children with other children in general schools.

(3) Special schools shall be opened in the public and private sectors in view of the special educational needs so that children with disabilities in all parts of the country can attend such schools.

(4) Efforts shall be made to equip the schools established for children with disabilities with vocational training.

(5) Part-time teaching shall be provided for children with disabilities studying up to class V.

(6) Special part-time teaching for literacy of children with disabilities aged sixteen and above shall be provided.

(7) Non-formal education shall be provided by available manpower in rural areas.

(8) Provide for education through open schools or open universities.

(9) Provide teaching and discussion through electronic or other means of communication.

(10) To initiate research on the design and development of new assistive devices, teaching aids, special learning materials or other such devices by government and non-government agencies for the purpose of providing equal opportunities in education to persons with disabilities.

(11) Establish the required number of teacher training institutes and assist National Institutions and other NGOs in developing teacher training programs on disability so that there is sufficient trained manpower for special schools for children with disabilities and related schools.

(12) To provide transportation facilities for children with disabilities or to provide financial assistance to their parents or guardians to bring such children to school as an alternative.

(13) Provide books, uniforms and other materials to children with disabilities coming to school.

(14) Provide water to disabled children.

(15) Establish appropriate forums for the rehabilitation of children with disabilities and the settlement of grievances of their parents.

(16) Revise the examination system by adopting complete mathematical questions for blind and partially sighted students.

(17) Reorganize the curriculum for the benefit of children with disabilities.

(18) Reorganize the curriculum for the benefit of hearing impaired children so that they can take only one language as part of the curriculum.

(19) All educational institutions shall provide Amanuensis for blind and partially sighted students.

Employment of Disabilities:

For the employment of persons with disabilities, the Government-

(1) Reservation of posts shall be made.

(2) Review the list of posts at intervals of three years (but not more than three years).

(3) Three per cent posts (1% for each) shall be reserved for persons who are blind or partially sighted, hearing impaired and mobility disabled.

(4) The employer of each employment branch shall send to the Special Employment Exchange the information on the number of persons with disabilities employed in his branch or the number of vacancies available for employment.

(5) Any person authorized by the Special Employment Exchange may collect any information contained in any employment branch at any time

(6) As per section 33, if a vacancy cannot be filled in a recruitment year due to lack of suitable disabled person, such vacancy shall be transferred to the next recruitment year. and if a suitable disabled person is not available in the subsequent year of employment, the post should be filled by a person of any of the above mentioned categories of disabled persons with the approval of the Government. If there is no suitable disabled person in that year of employment, the post should be filled by a able person.

or review the documentation or ask questions about the information.

(7) Every employer shall keep a record of employment of persons with disabilities in the form issued by the Government in his employment branch.

(8) The information reserved under sub-section-1 shall be made available for inspection at any time by a person authorized by the Government.

(9) The Government and local authorities shall prepare and advertise schemes relating to training and public welfare of persons with disabilities, exemption from upper age limit, employment, health and safety measures etc.

(10) All Government educational institutions and other Government aided educational institutions shall reserve 3% seats for persons with disabilities.

(11) The Government and local authorities shall reserve 3% for persons with disabilities in all poverty eradication schemes.

(12) The Government and local authorities shall provide financial incentives to public and private sector employers within the limits of their economic capacity and development to provide employment opportunities to at least 5% of persons with disabilities in their departments.

Affirmative Action:

(1) The Government shall, by notification, prepare schemes for the provision of Aids or equipment to persons with disabilities.

(2) The Government and local authorities shall, by notification, construct houses, establish businesses and special schools for persons with disabilities at subsidized rates

(6) As per section 33, if a vacancy cannot be filled in a recruitment year due to lack of suitable disabled person, such vacancy shall be transferred to the next recruitment year. and if a suitable disabled person is not available in the subsequent year of employment, the post should be filled by a person of any of the above mentioned categories of disabled persons with the approval of the Government. If there is no suitable disabled person in that year of employment, the post should be filled by a able person.

or review the documentation or ask questions about the information.

(7) Every employer shall keep a record of employment of persons with disabilities in the form issued by the Government in his employment branch.

(8) The information reserved under sub-section-1 shall be made available for inspection at any time by a person authorized by the Government.

(9) The Government and local authorities shall prepare and advertise schemes relating to training and public welfare of persons with disabilities, exemption from upper age limit, employment, health and safety measures etc.

(10) All Government educational institutions and other Government aided educational institutions shall reserve 3% seats for persons with disabilities.

(11) The Government and local authorities shall reserve 3% for persons with disabilities in all poverty eradication schemes.

(12) The Government and local authorities shall provide financial incentives to public and private sector employers within the limits of their economic capacity and development to provide employment opportunities to at least 5% of persons with disabilities in their departments.

Affirmative Action:

(1) The Government shall, by notification, prepare schemes for the provision of Aids or equipment to persons with disabilities.

(2) The Government and local authorities shall, by notification, construct houses, establish businesses and special schools for persons with disabilities at subsidized rates

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The concept of inclusive schools

Plans will be prepared for setting up, research centres, special rest centres, factories for persons with disabilities.

Non-Discrimination:

This Act prescribes the following provisions to eliminate discrimination.

(1) In the transport sector, within the limits of financial capacity and development-

(a) Special arrangements shall be made in railway coaches, buses, ships and aircraft for the convenience of persons with disabilities.

(b) Expansion of toilets in train coaches, ships, aircraft and waiting rooms shall be provided in such a way that wheel chairs can be easily accessed by persons with disabilities.

(2) The Government and local authorities shall, within the limits of financial capacity and development-

(a) Install red lighted auditory signals on public streets.

(b) Slope shall be provided on the sidewalk for those using wheelchairs.

(c) Engraving of zebra crossings and railway platform edges for blind or partially sighted persons.

(d) Disability signs and warning signals shall be provided at appropriate places.

(e) Ramps shall be provided in public houses.

(f) Braille signs and auditory signals shall be provided in the elevators.

(g) Sloping roads shall be provided in hospitals, primary health centers and other medical centers and rehabilitation institutions.

(3) No person shall be denied promotion solely on the ground of disability.

(4) An employee shall not be demoted in rank if he becomes disabled while on duty.

Pure Madhana with special needs

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Research and Manpower Development

The Government and local authorities will sponsor research in the following areas.

(1) Cure of disability.

(2) Rehabilitation.

(3) Develop supportive tools covering psychological aspects.

(4) Job identification.

(5) Minor changes in offices and factories.

(6) The Government shall provide financial assistance to universities, institutions of higher learning, professional bodies and non-governmental research institutions for research on special education, rehabilitation and human resource development.

Social Security of Disabilities

(1) The Government and the local authorities shall provide for the rehabilitation of all persons with disabilities within the limits of financial means and development. and provide financial assistance to NGOs in this regard.

(2) The Government and local authorities shall consult with NGOs involved in persons with disabilities when formulating resettlement schemes.

(3) The Government and local authorities shall prepare insurance schemes for disabled employees or other security schemes as an alternative.

(4) The Government shall, within the limits of financial means and development, prepare schemes for unemployment allowance for persons with disabilities who are registered in special employment exchanges and who cannot be employed in any occupation for a period not exceeding two years.

Persons with 80% or more disability are called Persons with severe disability. The Government will establish and maintain institutions for such persons.